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The al-Nusra Front, or Jabhat al-Nusra ((アラビア語:جبهة النصرة لأهل الشام) ''Jabhat al-Nuṣrah li-Ahli ash-Shām'', "The Support Front for the People of Al-Sham", often abbreviated to JN or JaN), sometimes called al-Qaeda in Syria or al-Qaeda in the Levant,〔 is a Sunni Islamist militia fighting against Syrian Government forces in the Syrian Civil War, with the aim of establishing an Islamist state in the country.〔 It is the Syrian branch of Al-Qaeda,〔 and also operates in neighbouring Lebanon.〔(Al Qaeda-linked group Al Nusra Front claims deadly car bombing in Lebanese capital Beirut ) ABC, 21 January 2014〕 The group announced its formation on 23 January 2012. In November 2012, ''The Washington Post'' described al-Nusra as the most successful arm of the rebel forces.〔 Ten days later, the United States designated Jabhat al-Nusra as a foreign terrorist organization;〔 it has also been designated a terrorist organization by the United Nations Security Council,〔 France,〔 Australia,〔 the United Kingdom,〔〔 Canada,〔 Saudi Arabia,〔 New Zealand,〔 United Arab Emirates,〔 Russia,〔 and Turkey.〔 In early 2015, there were reports that Qatar and other Gulf states were trying to get al-Nusra to split away from al-Qaeda, after which they would support al-Nusra with money.〔 Western observers〔 and a Syrian observer〔 considered such a split unlikely, and in March 2015, al-Nusra’s leadership denied a break-up or that talks with Qatar had occurred.〔 Other Syrian observers considered such a split conceivable〔 or imminent.〔 Other reports have shown an alleged link between the funding of groups such as the al-Nusra Front and the United States' intelligence services.〔— * * * * * *〕 As of 2015, al-Nusra cooperates with Islamist and jihadist rebel groups, and Free Syrian Army-aligned groups, against Syrian government forces (see section Relations with other Syrian rebels). ==Ideology== The membership of the al-Nusra Front membership is primarily made up of Syrian jihadists.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.612621 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-25460397 )〕 Its goals are to overthrow Bashar al-Assad's government in Syria and to create an Islamic emirate under sharia law, with an emphasis from an early stage on focusing on the "near enemy" of the Syrian regime rather than on global jihad.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/493 )〕 Syrian members of the group claim that they are fighting only the Assad regime and would not attack Western states;〔 while official policy of the group is to hold the United States and Israel as enemies of Islam,〔 and to warn against Western intervention in Syria, al-Nusra Front leader Golani has stated that "We are only here to accomplish one mission, to fight the regime and its agents on the ground, including Hezbollah and others".〔 In early 2014, Sami al-Oraydi, a top sharia official in the group, acknowledged that his group is influenced by the teachings of Al-Qaeda member Abu Musab al-Suri. The strategies derived from Abu Musab's guidelines include: providing services to people, avoiding being seen as extremists, maintaining strong relationships with local communities and other fighting groups, and putting the focus on fighting the government. On 10 June 2015, al-Nusra fighters shot dead at least 20 Druze civilians in a village after one of them, a supporter of the Assad regime, opposed the expropriation of his house by a Nusra commander. Al-Nusra's leadership issued an apology and claimed that they had been carried out against the groups guidelines. Foreign Policy noted that Al-Jazeera is engaged in actively whitewashing Al-Nusra and that there is absolutely no reference to the Druze in Al-Nusra's "apology", since Al-Nusrah forced the Druze to renounce their religion, destroyed their shrines and now considers them Sunni.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Al Nusra's Rebranding and What It Means for Syria - Foreign Affairs )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Al Qaeda forces Druze of Idlib Syria to destroy their shrines and convert )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Additional Notes on the Druze of Jabal al-Summaq )〕 Nusra and ISIL are both against the Druze, the difference being that Nusra is apparently satisfied with destroying Druze shrines and making them become Sunnis while ISIL wants to violently annihilate them as it did to Yazidis.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Syria Comment » Archives The Plight of Syria's Druze Minority and U.S. Options - Syria Comment )〕 The tactics of al-Nusra Front differ markedly from those of rival jihadist group ISIL; whereas ISIL has alienated local populations by demanding their allegiance and carrying out beheadings, al-Nusra Front has cooperated with other militant groups and has declined to impose sharia law where there has been opposition. Analysts have noted this could give al-Nusra Front a greater long-term advantage.〔 〕 In early 2015, al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri instructed al-Nusra Front leader Jolani to pursue the following five goals:〔 # Better integrate his movement within the Syrian revolution and its people # Coordinate more closely with all Islamic groups on the ground # Contribute towards the establishment of a Syria-wide sharia judicial court system # Use strategic areas of the country to build a sustainable Al-Qaeda power base # Cease any activity linked to attacking the West〔 Its magazine, ''Al Risalah'', was first issued in July 2015. Al-Qaeda/Al-Nusra has been trying to take advantage of ISIL's rise by trying to present itself as "moderate" compared to ISIL while it has the same aim of establishing sharia and a caliphate but doing it in a more gradual manner. Al-Qaeda's branch in Syria Al Nusrah criticized the way ISIL fully and immediately instituted Sharia since it alienated people too much, with a gradual, slower approach favored by Al-Qaeda by preparing society to accept it and indoctrinating people through education before implementing the hudud aspects of Sharia like tossing gays off buildings, chopping limbs off, and public stoning which Al-Qaeda agrees should ultimately be implemented in the long run. The main criticism of defectors from ISIL is that the group is killing and fighting other Sunni Muslims, unhappy that other Sunnis like Jabhat al-Nusra (Al-Qaeda) are being attacked by ISIL. A video called "The Heirs of Glory" was issued by Nusra and it included old audio by Osama Bin Laden such as his 1998 announcement that "So we seek to incite the Islamic Nation so it may rise to liberate its lands and perform Jihad in the path of Allah, and to establish the law of Allah, so the Word of Allah may be supreme", and the video glorified the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center, glorifying also the Caliphates, Sayyid Qutb and Abdullah Azzam. Al-Qaeda leader Zawahiri urged ISIL fighters to unite with all other jihadists against their enemies and stop the infighting. Nusra Front praised the November 2015 Paris attacks, saying that even though they view ISIL as "dogs of hellfire", they applaud when "infidels" get attacked by ISIL. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Al-Nusra Front」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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